Shanghai Vithy Ta Yi Nasarar Haɗin gwiwar Babban Taron Nickel & Cobalt Masana'antu na China na kasa da kasa 2024: Haɓaka da Aikace-aikacen Tacewa

I.Gabatarwa

Masana'antar nickel da cobalt muhimmin bangare ne na bangaren da ba na karfe ba, yana samun ci gaba mai kyau a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Yayin da canje-canjen muhalli, kamar canjin yanayi, ke ɗaukar matakin tsakiya, nickel yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin fasahohin makamashi mai tsafta, musamman a sabbin batura masu ƙarfi. Koyaya, masana'antar tana fuskantar ƙalubale da yawa, waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙarancin albarkatun nickel da cobalt na cikin gida, hauhawar farashin nickel da cobalt na duniya, haɓaka gasa a cikin masana'antar, da yawaitar shingen kasuwanci a duniya.

 

A yau, sauye-sauye zuwa makamashi mai ƙarancin carbon ya zama abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a duniya, yana jawo hankali ga mahimman karafa kamar nickel da cobalt. Yayin da yanayin masana'antar nickel da cobalt na duniya ke haɓaka cikin sauri, tasirin manufofin ƙasashe na Turai da Arewacin Amurka akan sabon ɓangaren makamashi yana ƙara fitowa fili. An gudanar da taron dandalin masana'antu na nickel da Cobalt na kasar Sin na shekarar 2024 daga ranar 29 zuwa 31 ga watan Oktoba a birnin Nanchang na lardin Jiangxi na kasar Sin. Wannan dandalin yana nufin haɓaka lafiya da ci gaba cikin tsari a cikin masana'antar nickel da cobalt ta duniya ta hanyar sadarwa mai yawa da haɗin gwiwa yayin taron. A matsayin mai haɗin gwiwar wannan taron, Shanghai Vithy Filter System Co., Ltd. ya yi farin cikin raba ra'ayi da gabatar da aikace-aikacen tacewa da suka dace da masana'antu.

 

 

II. Bayani daga Dandalin nickel da Cobalt

 

1.Nickel da Cobalt Lithium Insights

(1) Cobalt: Yunkurin hauhawar farashin tagulla da nickel na baya-bayan nan ya haifar da karuwar saka hannun jari da sakin iya aiki, wanda ya haifar da cikar kayan albarkatun cobalt na ɗan lokaci. Hasashen farashin cobalt ya kasance maras kyau, kuma ya kamata a yi shirye-shirye don yuwuwar faɗuwa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. A cikin 2024, ana sa ran samar da cobalt na duniya zai zarce buƙatu da ton 43,000, tare da hasashen rarar sama da ton 50,000 a cikin 2025. Wannan ƙaƙƙarfan abin ya samo asali ne ta hanyar saurin haɓaka iya aiki a bangaren samarwa, wanda ya motsa ta hanyar hauhawar farashin tagulla da nickel tun daga 2020, wanda ya ƙarfafa ayyukan ci gaban Jamhuriyar Demokradiyar Kongo. ayyukan hydrometallurgical a Indonesia. Saboda haka, ana samar da cobalt da yawa a matsayin abin da aka samu.

 

Ana sa ran amfani da Cobalt zai murmure a cikin 2024, tare da haɓakar haɓakar shekara-shekara na 10.6%, da farko ta hanyar farfadowa a cikin buƙatun 3C (kwamfuta, sadarwa, da na'urorin lantarki) da haɓakar adadin batir na uku na nickel-cobalt. Koyaya, ana sa ran haɓakar zai ragu zuwa 3.4% a cikin 2025 saboda sauye-sauye a cikin hanyar fasaha don sabbin batura masu amfani da makamashi, wanda ke haifar da cikar cobalt sulfate da haifar da asara ga kamfanoni. Tazarar farashin da ke tsakanin karfen cobalt da cobalt salts na kara fadada, inda samar da karfen cobalt na cikin gida ya karu da sauri zuwa ton 21,000, ton 42,000, da ton 60,000 a shekarar 2023, 2024, da 2025, bi da bi, ya kai karfin 75,000. Abin da ya wuce kima yana canzawa daga gishirin cobalt zuwa ƙarfe na ƙarfe, yana nuna yuwuwar faɗuwar farashin a nan gaba. Mabuɗin abubuwan da za a kallo a cikin masana'antar cobalt sun haɗa da tasirin geopolitical akan samar da albarkatu, rushewar sufuri da ke shafar wadatar albarkatun ƙasa, dakatar da samarwa a ayyukan nickel hydrometallurgical, da ƙarancin farashin cobalt mai kuzari. Ana sa ran gibin farashin da ya wuce kima tsakanin karfen cobalt da cobalt sulfate zai daidaita, kuma karancin farashin cobalt na iya bunkasa amfani, musamman a sassa masu saurin girma kamar su bayanan sirri, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da injiniyoyi, wanda ke nuna kyakkyawar makoma ga masana'antar cobalt.

 

 

(2)Lithium: A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, lithium carbonate na iya samun haɓakar farashi saboda tunanin macroeconomic, amma gaba ɗaya yuwuwar juye yana iyakance. Ana hasashen samar da albarkatun lithium na duniya zai kai tan miliyan 1.38 LCE a shekarar 2024, karuwar kashi 25% duk shekara, da tan miliyan 1.61 LCE a shekarar 2025, karuwar kashi 11%. Ana sa ran Afirka za ta ba da gudummawar kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na haɓakar haɓakawa a cikin 2024, tare da haɓaka kusan tan 80,000 LCE. A yanki, ana hasashen ma'adinan lithium na Australiya zai samar da kusan tan 444,000 LCE a cikin 2024, tare da karuwar ton 32,000 LCE, yayin da ake sa ran Afirka za ta samar da kusan tan 140,000 LCE a 2024, mai yuwuwa ya kai ton 220,000 a Kudancin Amurka a LCE. tare da haɓakar haɓakar 20-25% ana tsammanin tafkunan gishiri a cikin 2024-2025. A kasar Sin, an kiyasta samar da albarkatun lithium a kusan tan 325,000 LCE a shekarar 2024, karuwar kashi 37% a duk shekara, kuma ana sa ran zai kai tan 415,000 na LCE a shekarar 2025, tare da raguwar karuwar zuwa kashi 28%. Nan da 2025, tabkunan gishiri na iya zarce lithium mica a matsayin mafi girma tushen samar da lithium a cikin ƙasa. Ana sa ran ma'auni na buƙatun wadata zai ci gaba da faɗaɗa daga ton 130,000 zuwa ton 200,000 sannan zuwa tan 250,000 LCE daga 2023 zuwa 2025, tare da raguwar rarar da ake tsammani nan da 2027.

 

Farashin albarkatun lithium na duniya an jera su kamar haka: tabkunan gishiri < ma'adinan lithium na ketare < ma'adinan mica na cikin gida < sake amfani da su. Saboda kusancin kusanci tsakanin farashin sharar gida da farashin tabo, farashi ya fi dogaro da baƙar foda na sama da farashin baturi da aka yi amfani da su. A cikin 2024, ana sa ran bukatar gishirin lithium na duniya zai kasance kusan tan miliyan 1.18-1.20 LCE, tare da madaidaicin farashin yuan 76,000-80,000. Farashin na kashi 80 na kusan yuan 70,000/ton, musamman ma'adinan ma'adinan mica na cikin gida, ma'adinan lithium na Afirka, da wasu ma'adanai na ketare. Wasu kamfanoni sun dakatar da samar da kayayyaki saboda raguwar farashin, kuma idan farashin ya tashi sama da yuan 80,000, waɗannan kamfanoni na iya hanzarta dawo da haƙoƙin, wanda hakan zai haifar da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki. Ko da yake wasu ayyukan albarkatun lithium na ketare suna tafiya a hankali fiye da yadda ake tsammani, gabaɗayan yanayin ya kasance ɗayan ci gaba da haɓakawa, kuma yanayin da ake fama da shi a duniya ba a juyar da shi ba, tare da manyan kayayyaki na cikin gida na ci gaba da hana sake dawowa.

 

2. Hanyoyin Sadarwar Kasuwa

An sake fasalin jadawalin samarwa na Nuwamba sama idan aka kwatanta da hutun Oktoba bayan Oktoba, tare da bambance-bambancen samarwa tsakanin masana'antar phosphate ta lithium baƙin ƙarfe. Manyan masana'antun phosphate na lithium baƙin ƙarfe suna kula da amfani da ƙarfi sosai, yayin da kamfanoni na ternary suka ga raguwar samarwa da kusan kashi 15%. Duk da haka, tallace-tallace na lithium cobalt oxide da sauran samfuran sun sake dawowa, kuma umarni ba su nuna raguwa sosai ba, wanda ke haifar da kyakkyawan kyakkyawan fata ga masana'antun kayan aikin cathode na cikin gida a cikin Nuwamba.

 

Yarjejeniyar kasuwa a kasa na farashin lithium ya kai yuan 65,000/ton, tare da babban kewayon yuan 85,000-100,000. Matsakaicin yuwuwar farashin lithium carbonate yana bayyana iyaka. Yayin da farashin ke faɗuwa, son kasuwa don siyan kayan tabo yana ƙaruwa. Tare da amfani da ton 70,000-80,000 na wata-wata da kuma rarar kayayyaki na kusan tan 30,000, kasancewar ƴan kasuwa da ƴan kasuwa da yawa na gaba yana ba da sauƙin narkar da wannan rarar. Bugu da ƙari, a ƙarƙashin kyakkyawan yanayi na tattalin arziƙin macroeconomic, ba zai yi yuwuwa ba zato ba tsammani.

 

 

Rashin ƙarfi na kwanan nan a cikin nickel ana danganta shi da gaskiyar cewa za a iya amfani da kason 2024 na RKAB a ƙarshen shekara, kuma duk wani kaso da ba a yi amfani da shi ba ba za a iya ɗauka zuwa shekara mai zuwa ba. A karshen watan Disamba, ana sa ran samar da ma'adinin nickel zai saukaka, amma sabbin ayyukan pyrometallurgical da hydrometallurgical za su zo kan layi, yana da wahala a cimma yanayin samar da walwala. Haɗe tare da farashin LME yana cikin ƙarancin baya-bayan nan, ƙimar ƙimar nickel tama ba ta faɗaɗa ba saboda sauƙin samarwa, kuma ƙimar kuɗi tana raguwa.

 

Game da tattaunawar kwangilar dogon lokaci na shekara mai zuwa, tare da farashin nickel, cobalt, da lithium duk a ƙananan matakan, masana'antun cathode gabaɗaya suna ba da rahoton bambance-bambance a cikin rangwamen kwangila na dogon lokaci. Masu kera batir suna ci gaba da sanya "ayyukan da ba za a iya cimmawa ba" a kan masana'antun cathode, tare da rangwamen gishiri na lithium a 90%, yayin da martani daga masana'antun gishirin lithium ya nuna cewa rangwamen ya fi kusan 98-99%. A cikin waɗannan ƙarancin ƙarancin farashin, halayen 'yan wasan sama da na ƙasa suna da ɗan kwanciyar hankali idan aka kwatanta da daidai lokacin bara, ba tare da wuce gona da iri ba. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman ga nickel da cobalt, inda haɗin haɗin shuke-shuken nickel ke ƙaruwa, kuma tallace-tallace na waje na MHP (Mixed Hydroxide Precipitate) ya tattara sosai, yana ba su ikon yin ciniki. A farashi mai ƙanƙanci na yanzu, masu samar da kayayyaki suna zabar ba za su siyar ba, yayin da suke la'akari da farawa lokacin da LME nickel ya tashi sama da yuan 16,000. 'Yan kasuwa sun ba da rahoton cewa rangwamen MHP na shekara mai zuwa shine 81, kuma masana'antun nickel sulfate har yanzu suna aiki cikin asara. A cikin 2024, farashin nickel sulfate na iya tashi saboda hauhawar farashin albarkatun ƙasa (sharar gida da MHP).

 

3. Abubuwan da ake tsammani

Girman girma na shekara-shekara a cikin buƙatun lokacin "Golden Satumba da Azurfa Oktoba" na iya zama mai girma kamar lokacin "Golden Maris da Azurfa Afrilu" a farkon wannan shekara, amma ƙarshen wutsiya na lokacin Nuwamba yana dawwama fiye da yadda ake tsammani. Manufar cikin gida na maye gurbin tsofaffin motocin lantarki da sababbi, tare da umarni daga manyan ayyukan ajiya na ketare, sun ba da tallafi biyu don ƙarshen wutsiya na buƙatar lithium carbonate, yayin da buƙatar lithium hydroxide ya kasance mai rauni. Koyaya, ana buƙatar taka tsantsan game da canje-canjen umarni don batir wuta bayan tsakiyar Nuwamba.

 

 

Pilbara da MRL, waɗanda ke da babban adadin tallace-tallace na kasuwa kyauta, sun fitar da rahotannin su na Q3 2024, suna nuna matakan rage farashin da rage jagorancin samarwa. Wani abin sha'awa, Pilbara yana shirin rufe aikin Ngungaju a ranar 1 ga Disamba, tare da ba da fifiko ga ci gaban masana'antar Pilgan. A lokacin ƙarshen ƙarshen ƙarshen farashin lithium daga 2015 zuwa 2020, an ƙaddamar da aikin Altura a cikin Oktoba 2018 kuma ya daina aiki a cikin Oktoba 2020 saboda matsalolin kwararar kuɗi. Pilbara ta sami Altura a cikin 2021 kuma ta sanya wa aikin suna Ngungaju, yana shirin sake farawa da shi a matakai. Bayan shafe shekaru uku yana aiki, yanzu an saita don rufewa don kulawa. Bayan manyan farashi, wannan shawarar tana nuna raguwar samarwa da farashi mai ƙarfi ta fuskar ƙaƙƙarfan farashin lithium da aka kafa. Ma'auni tsakanin farashin lithium da wadata ya juye a hankali, kuma kiyaye amfani a wurin farashi sakamakon auna fa'ida da fursunoni.

 

4. Gargadin Hadarin

Ci gaba da haɓaka da ba zato ba tsammani a cikin sabbin abubuwan samarwa da tallace-tallace na makamashi, yanke samar da ma'adinan da ba zato ba tsammani, da abubuwan da suka faru na muhalli.

 

III. Aikace-aikacen Nickel da Cobalt

Nickel da cobalt suna da fa'idar aikace-aikace iri-iri a cikin masana'antu daban-daban. Ga wasu mahimman wuraren aikace-aikacen:

 

1.Samar da baturi

 

(1) Batirin Lithium-ion: Nickel da cobalt sune mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin kayan cathode a cikin batir lithium-ion, ana amfani da su sosai a cikin motocin lantarki (EVs) da na'urorin lantarki masu ɗaukar hoto kamar wayoyi da kwamfyutoci.

(2)Batura masu ƙarfi-jihar: Abubuwan nickel da cobalt suma suna da yuwuwar aikace-aikace a cikin batura masu ƙarfi, haɓaka ƙarfin kuzari da aminci.

 

 

2. Alloy Manufacturing

 

(1) Bakin Karfe: Nickel wani abu ne mai mahimmanci wajen samar da bakin karfe, yana inganta juriya da ƙarfinsa.

(2)Alloys Masu Zazzabi: Nickel-cobalt alloys ana amfani da su a cikin sararin samaniya da sauran aikace-aikace masu zafi saboda kyakkyawan juriya da ƙarfin zafi.

 

3. Masu kara kuzari

Sinadarai Masu Kayatarwa: Nickel da cobalt suna zama masu haɓakawa a cikin wasu halayen sinadarai, waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin tace man fetur da haɗin sinadarai.

 

4. Electroplating

Masana'antu Electroplating: Ana amfani da nickel a cikin electroplating don haɓaka juriya na lalata da ƙa'idodin ƙarfe, ana amfani da su sosai a cikin motoci, kayan gida, da samfuran lantarki.

 

5. Magnetic Materials

Magnets na Dindindin: Ana amfani da Cobalt don kera manyan maɗaukaki na dindindin, waɗanda ake amfani da su sosai a cikin injina, janareta, da na'urori masu auna firikwensin.

 

6. Na'urorin Lafiya

Kayan Aikin Lafiya: Ana amfani da allunan nickel-cobalt a cikin wasu na'urorin likitanci don inganta juriya na lalata da daidaituwa.

 

7. Sabon Makamashi

Hydrogen Energy: Nickel da cobalt suna aiki a matsayin masu haɓaka fasahar makamashin hydrogen, suna sauƙaƙe samarwa da adana hydrogen.

 

IV. Aikace-aikacen Tace-Tace Rabewar Ruwa mai ƙarfi a cikin nickel da sarrafa Cobalt

Tace mai tsaftataccen ruwa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da nickel da cobalt, musamman a wurare masu zuwa:

 

1.Sarrafa Ore

(1) Kafin Magani: A lokacin farkon aiki mataki na nickel da cobalt ores, m-ruwa tace rabuwa da ake amfani da su cire datti da danshi daga ma'adanin, inganta yadda ya dace na gaba hakar matakai.

(2)Hankali: Fasahar rabuwar ruwa mai ƙarfi na iya tattara karafa masu mahimmanci daga ma'adinai, rage nauyi akan ƙarin sarrafawa.

 

2. Tsarin Leaching

(1) Rabuwar Lechate: A cikin aikin leaching na nickel da cobalt, ana amfani da filtattun masu rarraba ruwa mai ƙarfi don raba leachate daga ma'adanai masu ƙarfi waɗanda ba a narkar da su ba, suna tabbatar da dawo da ingantaccen ƙarfe da aka fitar a cikin lokaci mai ruwa.

(2)Haɓaka ƙimar farfadowa: Ingantacciyar rabuwar ruwa mai ƙarfi na iya haɓaka ƙimar dawo da nickel da cobalt, rage sharar albarkatun ƙasa.

3. Tsarin Electrowinning

(1) Maganin Electrolyt: A lokacin da ake samun wutar lantarki na nickel da cobalt, ana amfani da matattara mai ƙarfi-ruwa don magance electrolyte, cire ƙazanta don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na tsarin lantarki da kuma tsabtar samfurin.

(2)Maganin Sludge: Za a iya sarrafa sludge da aka samar bayan wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da fasahar rabuwa mai ƙarfi don dawo da karafa masu mahimmanci.

 

4. Maganin Ruwan Shara

(1) Yarda da Muhalli: A cikin tsarin samar da nickel da cobalt, za a iya amfani da matattara mai tsaftar ruwa don maganin ruwa mai tsabta, cire tsattsauran ƙwayar cuta da ƙazanta don saduwa da ƙa'idodin muhalli.

(2)Farfadowa Albarkatu: Ta hanyar magance ruwan datti, za a iya dawo da karafa masu amfani, da kara inganta amfani da albarkatu.

 

5. Gyaran Samfur

Rabuwa a Tsarukan Gyara: A lokacin da ake tace nickel da cobalt, ana amfani da matattara mai ƙarfi-ruwa don raba abubuwan tacewa daga ƙazantattun ƙazanta, tabbatar da ingancin samfurin ƙarshe.

 

 

 

6. Ƙirƙirar Fasaha

Fasahar Filtration masu tasowa: Masana'antar tana mai da hankali kan sabbin fasahohin rabuwar ruwa mai ƙarfi, irin su tacewa membrane da ultrafiltration, wanda zai iya haɓaka haɓakar rabuwa da rage yawan kuzari.

 

V. Gabatarwa zuwa Vithy Filters

A fagen tacewa mai madaidaici, Vithy yana ba da samfuran masu zuwa:

 

1. Tace Mai Karamin Karshin Tace 

lMicron Range: 0.1-100 micron

lTace abubuwa: Filastik (UHMWPE / PA / PTFE) foda sintered harsashi; karfe (SS316L/Titanium) foda sintered harsashi

lSiffofin: Tsaftace kai ta atomatik, tace cake dawo, maida hankali slurry